Lithium batteries present significant challenges in air transport due to their high energy potential and strict safety regulations
In our daily lives, we use multiple devices equipped with lithium batteries. Such batteries are energy storage terminals that use lithium compounds as electrolyte. They are commonly found in electronic devices such as mobile phones, laptops, hand tools, scooters and electric vehicles. Their advantages include:
- High energy density: They provide more energy in a smaller size and weight compared to other battery technologies.
- Long life: They have a higher number of charge and discharge cycles, making them long-lasting.
- Low self-discharge rate: They hold their charge longer when not in use.
- Fast charging: They can be charged faster than many other batteries.
- Efficiency: They provide efficient and consistent performance during use.
Lithium batteries, while generally safe, can present risks under certain conditions, especially if damaged or exposed to extreme conditions. We face numerous challenges when transporting them due to their high energy potential and the need to comply with strict safety regulations, as the main hazard is ‘thermal runaway’, a chain reaction that can lead to fire or explosion.
For this reason, lithium batteries are classified as dangerous goods and require additional safety conditions during transport by land, sea and air. There are different UN numbers depending on their composition and mode of transport: UN 3480, UN 3481, UN 3090 and UN 3091.
The regulations for the transport of dangerous goods include specific requirements such as identification, packaging approval, use of non-combustible materials, transport documentation and segregation conditions.
Air transport is particularly strict and variable. Loose batteries (UN 3480 or UN 3090) can only be transported in cargo aircraft. In addition, they must be charged to less than 30% of their capacity to limit the risks in case of an accident. The nominal capacity, the number of batteries, the weight of the package and the restrictions of the countries of origin and destination must also be taken into account.
Finally, each airline has its own policies, and some airlines do not accept lithium batteries or impose strict conditions for their transport.
At Bestway, we have the appropriate training to advise and manage international shipments of lithium batteries by air.
*This article has been automatically translated from its Spanish version.
